Hypertension

Hypertension is persistently raised arterial blood pressure. It can increases the risk of a number of conditions, including coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, and vascular dementia.

There are two types of hypertension:

  • Primary hypertension: No identifiable cause
  • Secondary hypertension: Due to an underlying condition, such as renal, endocrine, or vascular disorder, or due to some drugs.

Stages of Hypertension

Stage 0

Clinical blood pressure:

  • Under 140/90 mmHg 
  • ABPM/HBPM under 135/85 mmHg 


Stage 1

Clinic blood pressure:

  • 140/90 mmHg to 159/99 mmHg and   ABPM/HBPM blood pressure ranging from: 135/85 mmHg to 149/94 mmHg.
Stage 2

Clinic blood pressure:

  • 160/100 mmHg to 179/119mmHg and  ABPM/HBPM average blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg or higher.
Stage 3- Severe

Clinic systolic blood pressure of 180 mmHg or higher or  clinic diastolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg or higher.

Target Blood Pressure under 80 years
  • Age under 80 years — clinic blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg; ABPM/HBPM below 135/85 mmHg.



TARGET BLOOD PRESSURE Over 80 YEARS
  • Age 80 years and older — clinic blood pressure below 150/90 mmHg; ABPM/HBPM below 145/85 mmHg.


Managment

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Offering lifestyle advice, including advice on diet and exercise, stress management, alcohol consumption, and smoking cessation (if applicable)

Considering the need for statin treatment, following cardiovascular risk assessment

Drug Treatment
Click below for a anti-hypertensive drugs page

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Monitoring response to lifestyle changes and drug treatment

Reviewing the person annually to monitor blood pressure, review medication, provide support, and discuss lifestyle, symptoms, and treatment(s)