Drug Inducers/Inhibitors

Drug inducers and inhibitors are substances or medications that can affect the activity or metabolism of other drugs within the body. These interactions can have significant implications for drug effectiveness, safety, and dosage adjustments.

Drug Inducers
  • Rifampin: Induces cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, including CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and others.
  • Carbamazepine: Induces CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and other CYP enzymes.
  • Barbiturates (e.g., Phenobarbital, Secobarbital): Induce various CYP enzymes.
  • St. John’s Wort: Induces multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and others.
  • Phenytoin: Induces CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and other CYP enzymes.
  • Efavirenz: Induces CYP3A4 and other CYP enzymes.
  • Nevirapine: Induces CYP3A4 and other CYP enzymes.
  • Rifabutin: Induces CYP3A4 and other CYP enzymes.
  • Omeprazole: Induces CYP1A2 and CYP3A4.
  • Modafinil: Induces CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and other CYP enzymes.


Drug Inhibitors
  • Fluoxetine: Inhibits CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4.
  • Sertraline: Inhibits CYP2D6 and CYP3A4.
  • Paroxetine: Inhibits CYP2D6 and CYP3A4
  • Ketoconazole: Inhibits CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and other CYP enzymes.
  • Cimetidine: Inhibits CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4.
  • Grapefruit Juice: Inhibits CYP3A4 and intestinal P-glycoprotein.
  • Amiodarone: Inhibits CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and other CYP enzymes.
  • Quinidine: Inhibits CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4.
  • Erythromycin: Inhibits CYP3A4 and other CYP enzymes.
  • Clarithromycin: Inhibits CYP3A4 and other CYP enzymes.
  • Verapamil: Inhibits CYP3A4 and other CYP enzymes.
  • Fluconazole: Inhibits CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4.
  • Ritonavir: Inhibits CYP3A4 and other CYP enzymes.
  • Diltiazem: Inhibits CYP3A4 and other CYP enzymes.